An difríocht idir athruithe ar: "Dál gCais"

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Líne 5:
 
Bhí [[Brian Bóramha]] ar dhuine de na ríthe is cáiliúla a bhí iontu.
 
== Stair ==
 
=== Origins, Déisi Muman vs. Deirgtine ===
In their own genealogies, the Dál gCais traced their line back to their eponymous ancestor and progenitor [[Cormac Cas]]], who is said to have lived in the 2nd to 3rd century. They make him a second son of [[Ailill Aulom]] from the [[Deirgtine]], a [[ríthe na Mumhan]] and [[Leath Moga]] more generally, associated in a story with the goddess [[Áine]] of the ''[[Tuatha Dé Danann]] during the [[Scéalaíocht na Ríthe]] of [[miotaseolaíocht na nGael]]. Cormac Cas himself was purported to be the younger brother of [[Éogan Mór|Eógan]], founder of the [[Eoghanachta]], who would go on to rule Munster for many centuries. While this was taken on face value for a long time, later Irish scholars came to question its validity, regarding it as a politically motivated fabrication. The Dál gCais were becoming powerful in the 10th century, with [[Mathgamain mac Cennétig|Mathgamain]] and his brother [[Brian Bóramha]] taking the throne in Munster from the Eoghanachta; claiming ancient kinship with their rivals would have boosted their legitimacy.
 
[[Íomhá:Shannon air, Clare.jpg|thumb|right|Aerial view of the [[Sionainn]], the area where the Dál gCais grew in power.]]
 
It is claimed by current scholarship that the Dál gCais were instead a branch of the [[Déisi Muman]].{{sfn|Koch|2006|p=554}}{{sfn|Duffy|2004|p=121}} The Déisi Muman held a [[List of Kings of Deis Mumhain|vassal kingship]] in Munster under the Eóganachta, significant in scope, consisting of what is today [[Port Láirge]] and its environs. As time went on branches also emerged around the [[Sionainn]], as part of the Déisi Muman moved north-westerly between the 5th and early 8th century; they were called the Déise Deiscirt and the Déise Tuiscirt. It is from later, more northerly branch, which the Dál gCais are said to ultimately find their true ancestors.{{sfn|Koch|2006|p=554}} The first recorded mention of their adoption of the new name Dál gCais specifically is in the [[Annála Inis Faithlinn]] for the year 934, which records the death of their king Rebachán mac Mothlai.
 
The Déisi Muman themselves are subject of [[Tairireadh na nDéise]]'' epic in the Cycles of the Kings, which is set during the time that [[Cormac mac Airt]] was [[Ardríthe na hÉireann]]. The story describes the expulsion of the [[Dal Fiachrach Suighe]]; kinsmen of the [[Connachta]] and descendants of [[Fedlimid Rechtmar]]; from [[Teamhair]], coming to settle in Munster after many battles. Upon becoming the Déisi Muman, one branch then sailed across to [[an Bhreatain]] in the 4th century, coming to rule [[Kingdom of Dyfed|Dyfed]]. Their presence in Britain may have been initially supported by [[Magnus Maximus]], [[Roman Emperor]], as part of a policy of backing [[Gaeil]] vassals to be seafaring defenders of the shores of Britain facing the [[Muir Éireann]] from pirates.{{sfn|Davies|1994|p=52}} [[Eoin Mac Néill]] has pointed out that they were not the only Irish colony in the area, with the [[Uí Liatháin]] also powerful.
 
===Ascent to the High Kingship of Ireland===
'' The adoption of the name Dál gCais and the ascent of the group to greater power, began to take place during the 10th century with internal political transition.{{sfn|Duffy|2004|p=121}} With the death of Rebachán mac Mothlai, the leadership of the Déisi Tuisceart shifted from the ''[[Uí Aengusa]]'' kindred to their junior relatives the ''[[Uí Thairdelbaig]]''.{{sfn|Duffy|2004|p=121}} It was during the time of [[Cennétig mac Lorcáin|Kennedy]],{{sfn|Duffy|2004|p=121}} who styled himself [[rí Tuamhan]], that the Dál gCais began to challenge the Eóganachta; though Kennedy was defeated at the Battle of Gort Rotacháin by [[Cellachán Caisil|Cellach Caisil]], King of Munster in 944. The actual reason for this sudden surge has been much debated and one frequently discussed thesis is that it was a political scheme of the [[Uí Néill]], intending to use the Dál gCais as proxies to further weaken the power of the Eóganachta.{{sfn|Rynne|1967|p=230}}
 
[[File:Brian Boru, King of Munster.jpg|thumb|160px|right|[[Brian Bóruma]], [[High King of Ireland]], perhaps the best known historical figure of the Dál gCais.]]
Kennedy's children built on their father's achievements. His daughter Órlaith became Queen consort of Ireland, after she married [[Donnchad Donn|Donagh Donn]], a High King of Ireland from the [[Clann Cholmáin|southern branch]] of the Uí Néill. [[Mathgamain mac Cennétig|Mahon]] became the first Dál gCais to gain the kingship of Munster, after he seized the [[Rock of Cashel]] from [[Máel Muad mac Brain|Molloy]] of the Eóganachta. Leading up to this he had defeated the Norse under [[Ivar of Limerick]] at the [[Battle of Sulcoit]] in 968. After Mahon was captured by [[Donnubán mac Cathail|Donovan]] in 976 and murdered by Molloy, the Eóganachta returned to the throne at Cashel for two years, but Mahon's younger brother [[Brian Bóruma]], a seasoned military man from the early campaigns, would desire vengeance.
 
A campaign in 977-78 led to the defeat and death of Ivar, with an engagement at [[Scattery Island]] being the most significant. Brian retained the formerly Norse Limerick for its trading power and naval strength. The Dál gCais took back Munster at [[Battle of Belach Lechta|Belach Lechta]] the same year, killing Molloy in the process. Ambition saw Brian look next to the territories of [[Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill|Malachy II]], High King of Ireland. A closely contested war of 15 years ensued, with the naval ability of the Dál gCais paying off as a truce was called by Malachy in 997, recognising Brian's overlordship of ''[[Leath Moga]]''. They became allies against the [[Kingdom of Dublin|Norse Dublin]] and the [[Laigin]] who under [[Máel Mórda mac Murchada|Máel Mórda]], [[King of Leinster]] had risen against Brian's claims. The latter were subdued at [[Battle of Glenmama|Glenmama]] in 999, before rebelling again in 1014 at [[Battle of Clontarf|Clontarf]] where Norse power in Ireland was finally broken, though Brian died in the process. In the interim, Malachy had passed the High Kingship to Brian in 1002 and he built strong Christian links to [[Armagh]].
 
After the death of Brian, his two established surviving sons; [[Donnchad mac Briain|Donagh]] and [[Tadc mac Briain|Teague]]; struggled in an internal Dál gCais rivalry for dominion. While Donagh was High King, many other Irish kings allied against him, including Leinster, Connacht, and Ulster. Deposed in 1063, he fled to Rome, with some sources claiming he granted [[Pope Urban II]] the Irish crown, this is controversial, however.<ref group="note">Donagh certainly fled to Rome and was buried at the ''[[Basilica di Santo Stefano al Monte Celio]]''. The stories about his time there are recorded by [[Geoffrey Keating]] in the 17th century, some with skepticism. The story was used in the 19th century as a potential explanation for ''[[Laudabiliter]]''.</ref> Teague's son [[Toirdelbach Ua Briain|Turlough]] took up the reins in a lasting alliance with the powerful [[Diarmait mac Maíl na mBó|Dermot Kinsella, King of Leinster]]. Not a military leader, Turlough was instead a capable politician, the ''[[Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib]]'' glorifying Brian's feats would be authored during his lifetime. Turlough's son [[Muirchertach Ua Briain|Murtagh]] would be the last High King from the Dál gCais of the medieval period, reigning between 1101–19. Murtagh attempted to make the Irish kingship more along the lines of European monarchies and was involved in foreign affairs (allying with [[Arnulf de Montgomery]] in the [[Welsh Marches]] against [[Henry I of England|Henry I]], King of England), trying to extend Irish influence beyond internal rivalries.
 
== Tagairtí ==