An difríocht idir athruithe ar: "Fianna"

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m ag eagrú
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{{Glanadh-mar|ag aistriú go gaeilge}}
 
'' '''''Fianna''''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|iː|ə|n|ə}}; singular '''''fiann''''', {{lang-ga|An Fhèinne}} {{IPA-gd|əɲ ˈeːɲə|}}) were small, semi-independent [[warrior]] bands in [[Irish mythology]]. They are featured in the stories of the [[Fenian Cycle]], where they are led by [[Fionn mac Cumhaill]] (Finn MacCool).
They are based on historical bands of aristocratic landless young men in [[early medieval Ireland]].
 
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==Stairiúlacht==
'' The historical institution of the ''fiann'' is known from references in [[Brehon Laws|early medieval Irish law tracts]]. A ''fiann'' was made up of landless young men and women, often young [[Aristocracy (class)|aristocrat]]s who had not yet come into their [[inheritance]] of land.<ref>Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, ''Early Medieval Ireland'', Longman, 1995, p. 88</ref> A member of a ''fiann'' was called a ''fénnid''; the leader of a ''fiann'' was a ''rígfénnid'' (literally "king-''fénnid'').<ref>''[[Dictionary of the Irish Language]]'', Compact Edition, [[Royal Irish Academy]], 1990, pp. 299, 507</ref>
 
'' [[Geoffrey Keating]], in his 17th-century ''History of Ireland'', says that during the winter the ''fianna'' were quartered and fed by the nobility, during which time they would keep order on their behalf, but during the summer, from [[Beltaine]] to [[Samhain]], they were obliged to live by hunting for food and for pelts to sell.<ref>[[Geoffrey Keating]], ''Foras Feasa ar Éirinn'' [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100054/text055.html 2.45]</ref> Keating's ''History'' is more a compilation of traditions than a reliable history, but in this case scholars point to references in early Irish poetry and the existence of a closed hunting season for deer and wild boar between Samhain and Beltaine in medieval [[Scotland]] as corroboration.<ref>Nerys Patterson, ''Cattle Lords and Clansmen: the Social Structure of Early Ireland'', University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p. 122-123</ref>
 
==Seanscéalta==
'' Some legendary depictions of ''fianna'' seem to conform to historical reality: for example, in the [[Ulster Cycle]] the druid [[Cathbad]] leads a ''fiann'' of 27 men which fights against other ''fianna'' and kills the 12 foster-fathers of the [[Ulaid|Ulster]] princess [[Ness (Irish mythology)|Ness]]. Ness, in response, leads her own ''fiann'' of 27 in pursuit of Cathbad.<ref>[[Kuno Meyer]], "Anecdota from the Stowe MS. No. 992", ''[[Revue Celtique]]'' 6, 1884, pp. 173-186</ref>
 
'' However, the stories of the [[Fenian Cycle|Fiannaíocht]], set around the time of [[Cormac mac Airt]], depict the ''fianna'' as a single standing army in the service of the [[High King of Ireland|High King]], although it contains two rival factions, the Clann Baíscne of [[Leinster]], led by Fionn mac Cumhaill (Old, Middle, Modern Irish: Find, Finn, Fionn), and the Clann Morna of [[Connacht]], led by [[Goll mac Morna]], and lives apart from society, surviving by hunting.
 
===Rosc catha agus manaí===
Líne 37:
 
==Modern use of the term==
'' In more recent history, the name ''[[Fianna Éireann]]'', as ''Fianna Fáil'' has been used:
In more recent history, the name ''[[Fianna Éireann]]'' has been used, as ''Fianna Fáil'' ("the ''Fianna'' of Ireland", or [[Inis Fail#Inis F.C3.A1il|Inis Fáil]] i.e. "the isle of destiny", and hence sometimes rendered "the soldiers of destiny") has been used: as a sobriquet for the [[Irish Volunteers]], on the cap badge of the [[Irish Army]], the name in Irish of the [[Army Ranger Wing]] (''Sciathán Fiannóglaigh an Airm''), in the opening line of the Irish-language version of [[Amhrán na bhFiann|the Irish national anthem]], and as the name of the [[Fianna Fáil]] political party.
* as a sobriquet for the [[Irish Volunteers]]
* on the cap badge of the [[Irish Army]]
* the name in Irish of the [[Army Ranger Wing]] (''Sciathán Fiannóglaigh an Airm'')
* in the opening line of [[Amhrán na bhFiann]]
* the name of the [[Fianna Fáil]] political party.
 
==Féach freisin==
* ''[[Irish Fairy Tales]]'', a 1920 book by [[James Stephens (author)|James Stephens]] containing many tales of the Fianna
 
==Tagairtí==