An difríocht idir athruithe ar: "Osraige"

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Líne 200:
==Rítheaghlach==
{{main|Ríthe na nOsraí}}
{{Bosca Sonraí Monairc|
|surname = Dál Birn / Mac Giolla Phádraig
|parent house = [[Ulaid]] / [[Iverni|Érainn]]
|titles =
*[[Kings of Osraige]]
*[[Kings of Gowran]]
*[[Kings of Leinster]]<ref>Annals of Ulster 1033.4, Annals of Loch Cé 1033.3, Annals of Tigernach 1033.5</ref>
*King of [[Dublin]]
'''[[Kingdom of Ireland]] titles''':
*[[Baron Upper Ossory]]
*[[Earl of Upper Ossory]]
*[[Baron Gowran]]
*[[Baron Castletown]]
|founder =
|final ruler =
|current head =
|founding year =
|dissolution =
|cadet branches =
}}
 
Teidil
''An important Ossorian genealogy for Domnall mac Donnchada mac Gilla Patric is preserved in the [[Bodleian Library, MS Rawlinson B 502]], also known as [[ The Book of Glendalough]], tracing the medieval [[Mac Giolla Phádraig]] dynasty back to [[Óengus Osrithe]], who supposedly flourished in the first or second century.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G105003.html |title=Genealogies from Rawlinson B 502 |website=Ucc.ie |accessdate=2017-03-16 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032905/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G105003.html |archivedate=4 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>[https://archive.is/20121223130619/http://image.ox.ac.uk/show?collection=bodleian&manuscript=msrawlb502 ]</ref>
* [[Ríthe na nOsraí]]
* [[Ríthe Ghabhráin]]
* [[KingsRíthe ofna LeinsterLaighean]]<ref>Annals[[Annála ofUladh]], UlsterAU 1033.4, Annals of[[Annála Loch Cé]], 1033.3, Annals[[Annála ofTiarnaigh]], TigernachAT 1033.5</ref>
* Rí [[Áth Cliath]]
'''[[Ríocht na hÉireann]]''':
* [[Barún Osraí Uachtarach ]]
* [[Iarla Osraí Uachtarach]]
* [[Barún Ghabhráin]]
* [[Barún Bhaile an Chaisleáin]]
 
''An important Ossorian genealogy for Domnall mac ''Donnchada mac Gilla Patric'' is preserved in the Bodleian Library, LS [[Rawlinson B 502]], also known as [[Leabhar Ghleann Dá Locha]], tracing the medieval [[Mhic Giolla Phádraig]] dynasty back to [[Óengus Osrithe|Aonghas Osraithe]], who supposedly flourished in the first or second century.<ref>{{
* ''[[Óengus Osrithe]] the first recorded king and namesake of the kingdom is the semi-legendary Óengus Osrithe, who lived in either the first or second century (circa 100 A.D.).
lua idirlín |
* ''[[Loegaire Birn Buadach]] gave his early epithet to the ruling lineage amongst the Ossorian people, the "''[[Dál Birn]]''" (lit. "''the portion of Birn''").
url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G105003.html |
* ''[[Cerball mac Dúnlainge]] (King of Osraige from 846 to 888;<ref>Fragmentary Annals of Ireland, Annals of Ulster, Annals of the Four Masters</ref> King of [[Dublin]] from 872 to 887;<ref name="Landnámabók">Landnámabók</ref><ref>Cogadh Gaedhel Re Gallaibh (trans. by Todd) pg 297</ref> Earl of [[Orkney]] prior to 888<ref name="Landnámabók"/>)
teideal = Genealogies from Rawlinson B 502 |
suíomh = ucc.ie |
dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 |
url-status = live |
archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032905/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G105003.html |
archivedate=4ú Marta 2016 |
df = dmy-all
}}</ref><ref>''[https://archive.is/20121223130619/http://image.ox.ac.uk/show?collection=bodleian&manuscript=msrawlb502 Bodleian manuscript]''</ref>
 
* ''[[Óengus Osrithe|Aonghas Osraithe]] the first recorded king and namesake of the kingdom is the semi-legendary Óengus Osrithe, who lived in either the first or second century (circa 100 A.D.).
''A celebrated king of Osraige (and likely Osraige's most famous monarch) was Cerball mac Dúnlainge, who ruled Osraige vigorously from c. 846 to his death in 888 and was the direct male progenitor of the later medieval [[Mac Giolla Phádraig]] dynasts. The Icelandic [[Landnámabók]] describes Cerball (''Kjarvalur'') as ruler of [[Dublin]] and Earl of [[Orkney]] and opens with a list of the most prominent rulers in Viking-age [[Europe]], listing this Ossorian king alongside [[Popes]] [[Adrian II]] and [[Pope John VIII|John VIII]]; [[Byzantine]] Emperors [[Leo VI the Wise]] and his son [[Byzantine Emperor|Alexander]]; [[Harald Fairhair]], king of [[Norway]]; [[Eric Anundsson]] and his son [[Björn Eriksson]] rulers of Sweden; [[Gorm the Old]], king of Denmark; and [[Alfred the Great]], king of [[England]].<ref name="snerpa">{{cite web|url=http://www.snerpa.is/net/snorri/landnama.htm|publisher=snerpa.is|title=Landnámabók (Sturlubók)|accessdate=14 February 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210191901/http://www.snerpa.is/net/snorri/landnama.htm|archivedate=10 December 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Cerball features prominently in the annals and other historical texts, especially in [[The Fragmentary Annals of Ireland]] as an archetype of a Christian king who consistently vanquishes his enemies, especially [[pagan]] [[Vikings]]. In this chronicle, Cerball is recorded allying with rival bands of Vikings to defeat them during his early career as king. He was also close enough to the [[Norse–Gaels]] that he features under the name "''Kjarvalr Írakonungr''" in several medieval Icelandic pedigrees through his daughters. Cerball was likely the most powerful king of his day in Ireland, even plundering the lands of his brother-in-law the high king, which resulted in the kingdom of Osraige being officially dis-joined from the province of Munster. During his lifetime he is recorded to have even ruled over [[Dublin]] (from 872 to 888) and as far as the [[Orkneys]] due to his interconnections with his Viking neighbors.
* ''[[LoegaireLóegaire Birn BuadachBúadach]] gave his early epithet to the ruling lineage amongst the Ossorian people, the "''[[Dál Birn|Dál Bhirn]]''" (lit. "''the portion of Birn''").
 
* ''[[Cerball mac Dúnlainge|Cearbhall mac Dúnlainge]] (Rí Osraí ó 846 go 888;<ref>[[Annála Easpacha na hÉireann]], [[Annála Uladh]], Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]</ref> Rí [[Áth Cliath]] ó 872 go 887;<ref name="Landnámabók">Landnámabók</ref><ref>Cogadh Gaedhel Re Gallaibh (aistr. le Todd), lch. 297</ref> Iarla [[Inse Orc]] roimh 888<ref name="Landnámabók"/>). Cearbhall was the direct male progenitor of the later medieval [[Mac Giolla Phádraig]] dynasts. The Icelandic [[Landnámabók]] describes Cearbhall (''Kjarvalur'') opens with a list of the most prominent rulers in Viking-age [[Europe]], lists him alongside [[Popes]] [[Adrian II]] and [[Pope John VIII|John VIII]]; [[Byzantine]] Emperors [[Leo VI the Wise]] and his son [[Byzantine Emperor|Alexander]]; [[Harald Fairhair]], king of [[Norway]]; [[Eric Anundsson]] and his son [[Björn Eriksson]] rulers of Sweden; [[Gorm the Old]], king of Denmark; and [[Alfred the Great]], king of [[England]].<ref name="snerpa">{{
* ''[[Land ingen Dúngaile]] (Princess of Osraige; daughter of king [[Dúngal mac Cellaig]])
lua idirlín |
 
url = http://www.snerpa.is/net/snorri/landnama.htm |
''Princess Land (sometimes spelled ''Lann'') was a noteworthy figure in Irish politics during a critical time in Osraige's history, witnessing its dramatic rise to power under the rule of her brother [[Cerball mac Dúnlainge]], in which she had a hand. She was married to the famous High King of all Ireland, [[Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid]] (who reigned from 846 to 862) and gave birth to his formidable son [[Flann Sinna]] who was also High King from 879 to 916. (She is thus also the grandmother of High King [[Donnchad Donn|Donnchadh Donn mac Flainn]].)
foilsitheoir = snerpa.is |
 
teideal = Landnámabók (Sturlubók) |
* ''[[Gilla Pátraic mac Donnchada]] (King of Ossory from 976 to 996)
dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 |
 
url-status = live|
''King Cearbhall's descendant, Gilla Pátraic mac Donnchada, was king of Osraige from 976 to 996, and was the source of the patronymic ''Mac Giolla Phádraig''. His wife was [[Máel Muire ingen Arailt]], likely an [[Uí Ímair]] bride. He was an implacable opponent of [[Brian Boruma]] in his expansion over southern Ireland, being captured by him in 983 and released the following year.<ref>AI 983.4 and AI 984.2</ref> Later in his reign, he devastated [[Kingdom of Meath|Mide]], and was killed in battle against Donnduban mac Imair, prince of Limerick, and Domnall mac Fáelán, king of Déisi.
archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161210191901/http://www.snerpa.is/net/snorri/landnama.htm|archivedate=10ú Nollaig 2016 |
 
df = dmy-all
* ''[[Donnchad mac Gilla Pátraic]] (King of Osraige from 1003 to 1039; king of [[Leinster]] from 1033 to 1039)
''A celebrated king of Osraige (and likely Osraige's most famous monarch) was Cerball mac Dúnlainge, who ruled Osraige vigorously from c. 846 to his death in 888 and was the direct male progenitor of the later medieval [[Mac Giolla Phádraig]] dynasts. The Icelandic [[Landnámabók]] describes Cerball (''Kjarvalur'') as ruler of [[Dublin]] and Earl of [[Orkney]] and opens with a list of the most prominent rulers in Viking-age [[Europe]], listing this Ossorian king alongside [[Popes]] [[Adrian II]] and [[Pope John VIII|John VIII]]; [[Byzantine]] Emperors [[Leo VI the Wise]] and his son [[Byzantine Emperor|Alexander]]; [[Harald Fairhair]], king of [[Norway]]; [[Eric Anundsson]] and his son [[Björn Eriksson]] rulers of Sweden; [[Gorm the Old]], king of Denmark; and [[Alfred the Great]], king of [[England]].<ref name="snerpa">{{cite web|url=http://www.snerpa.is/net/snorri/landnama.htm|publisher=snerpa.is|title=Landnámabók (Sturlubók)|accessdate=14 February 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210191901/http://www.snerpa.is/net/snorri/landnama.htm|archivedate=10 December 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> CerballCearbhall features prominently in the annals and other historical texts, especially in [[TheAnnála FragmentaryEaspacha Annalsna of IrelandhÉireann]] as an archetype of a Christian king who consistently vanquishes his enemies, especially [[pagan]] [[Vikings]]. In this chronicle, CerballCearbhall, is recorded allying with rival bands of Vikings to defeat them during his early career as king. He was also close enough to the [[Norse–Gaels]] that he features under the name "''Kjarvalr Írakonungr''" in several medieval Icelandic pedigrees through his daughters. CerballCearbhall was likely the most powerful king of his day in Ireland, even plundering the lands of his brother-in-law the high king, which resulted in the kingdom of Osraige being officially dis-joined from the province of Munster. During his lifetime he is recorded to have even ruled over [[Dublin]] (from 872 to 888) and as far as the [[Orkneys]] due to his interconnections with his Viking neighbors.
 
* ''Princess [[Land ingen Dúngaile]] (sometimesPrincess of Osraige; daughter of king [[Dúngal mac Cellaig]]). spelled ''Lann'')Princess Land was a noteworthy figure in Irish politics during a critical time in Osraige's history, witnessing its dramatic rise to power under the rule of her brother [[Cerball mac Dúnlainge]]Cearbhall, in which she had a hand. She was married to the famous High King of all Ireland, [[Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid|Maoil Seachnaill mac Maoil Rúnaí]] (who reigned from 846 to 862). and She gave birth to his formidable son [[Flann SinnaSionna]], who was also High King from 879 to 916. ( She is thus also the grandmother of High King, [[Donnchad Donn|Donnchadh Donn mac Flainn]].)
''In 1003, he killed his cousin, King Cellach. In 1016, he killed Donn Cuan mac Dúnlaing, king of Leinster, and Tadc ua Riain, king of Uí Drona.<ref>AU 1016.6; ALC 1016.4; CS, s.a. 1014; AFM, s.a. 1015</ref> In 1022, he killed Sitriuc mac Ímair, king of [[Port Lairge]] ([[Waterford]]).<ref>AT 1022.2; CS, s.a. 1020; AFM, s.a. 1022</ref> In 1026, Donnchad spent Easter with the coarb of Patrick and Donnchad mac Briain.<ref>AI 1026.3</ref> In 1027, he blinded his relative Tadc mac Gilla Pátraic.<ref>AU 1027.2; ALC 1027.2; AT 1027.2; AFM, s.a. 1027; Ann. Clon., s.a. 1027</ref> In 1033, Donnchad also took the kingship of Leinster and held the [[Fair of Carman]] to celebrate his over-kingship.<ref>AU 1033.4; ALC 1033.3; AFM, s.a. 1033</ref> In 1039, he led a hosting as far as Knowth and Drogeda.,<ref>AT 1039.6; AFM, s.a. 1039</ref> and he died the same year.<ref>AU 1039.2; ALC 1039.2; AT 1039.7; AI 1039.7 only calls Donnchad king of Osraige; after a long illness, AFM, s.a. 1039; Ann. Clon., s.a. 1039</ref> [[Gofraid mac Arailt]], [[Kingdom of the Isles|King of the Isles]], through his daughter Mael Muire, appears to have been the maternal grandfather of Donnchad mac Gilla Pátraic, the Osraige [[List of kings of Leinster|king of Leinster]]. Thus the Mac Giolla Phádraigs or Fitzpatricks of Ossory are probably matrilineal descendants of the [[Uí Ímair]]. King Cerball was an ally of their (probable) founder [[Ivar the Boneless|Ívar the Boneless]], the [[Vikings|Viking]] king of [[Waterford]]. It is also possible that Donnchad's father, Gilla Pátraic mac Donnchada, was somehow a relation of Ívar the Boneless, who had a son named Gilla Pátraic.
* ''[[Gilla Pátraic mac Donnchada]] (King of Ossory from 976 to 996). King Cearbhall's descendant, Gilla Pátraic mac Donnchada, was king of Osraige from 976 to 996, and was the source of the patronymic ''Mac Giolla Phádraig''. His wife was [[Máel Muire ingen Arailt]], likely an [[Uí Ímair]] bride. He was an implacable opponent of [[Brian Boruma]] in his expansion over southern Ireland, being captured by him in 983 and released the following year.<ref>AI 983.4 and AI 984.2</ref> Later in his reign, he devastated [[KingdomRíocht ofna Meath|Mide]], and was killed in battle against Donnduban mac Imair, prince of Limerick, and Domnall mac Fáelán, king of DéisiDéise.
* ''[[Donnchad mac Gilla Pátraic]] (King of Osraige from 1003 to 1039; king of [[Leinster]] from 1033 to 1039). In 1003, he killed his cousin, King Cellach. In 1016, he killed Donn Cuan mac Dúnlaing, king of Leinster, and Tadc ua Riain, king of Uí Drona.<ref>AU 1016.6; ALC 1016.4; CS, s.a. 1014; AFM, s.a. 1015</ref> In 1022, he killed Sitriuc mac Ímair, king of [[Port LairgeLáirge]] ([[Waterford]]).<ref>AT 1022.2; CS, s.a. 1020; AFM, s.a. 1022</ref> In 1026, Donnchad spent Easter with the coarb of Patrick and Donnchad mac Briain.<ref>AI 1026.3</ref> In 1027, he blinded his relative Tadc mac Gilla Pátraic.<ref>AU 1027.2; ALC 1027.2; AT 1027.2; AFM, s.a. 1027; Ann. Clon., s.a. 1027</ref> In 1033, Donnchad also took the kingship of Leinster and held the [[Fair of Carman]] to celebrate his over-kingship.<ref>AU 1033.4; ALC 1033.3; AFM, s.a. 1033</ref> In 1039, he led a hosting as far as Knowth and Drogeda.,<ref>AT 1039.6; AFM, s.a. 1039</ref> and he died the same year.<ref>AU 1039.2; ALC 1039.2; AT 1039.7; AI 1039.7 only calls Donnchad king of Osraige; after a long illness, AFM, s.a. 1039; Ann. Clon., s.a. 1039</ref> [[Gofraid mac Arailt]], [[KingdomRíocht ofna the IslesnOileán|King of the Isles]], through his daughter MaelMáel Muire, appears to have been the maternal grandfather of Donnchad mac Gilla Pátraic, the Osraige [[ListRíthe ofna kings of LeinsterLaighean|king of Leinster]]. Thus, the Mac Giolla Phádraigs or Fitzpatricks of OssoryPhádraig are probably matrilineal descendants of the [[Uí ÍmairÍomhair]]. King Cerball was an ally of their (probable) founder [[Ivar the Boneless|Ívar the Boneless]], the [[Vikings|Viking]] king of [[Waterford]]. It is also possible that Donnchad's father, Gilla Pátraic mac Donnchada, was somehow a relation of Ívar the Boneless, who had a son named Gilla Pátraic.
 
* ''[[Derbforgaill ingen Tadhg Mac Giolla Pádraig]] (Princess of Osraige, died 1098)