An difríocht idir athruithe ar: "Tír Eoghain"
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{{Glanadh-mar|ag aistriú go Gaeilge}}
{{Infobox country
|native_name = Tyrone or {{native name|ga|Tír Eoghain}}
|conventional_long_name = Tír Eoghain
|common_name = Tyrone
|year_start = 5th century
|year_end = 1607
|life_span =
|date_start =
|date_end =
|event_start =
|event_end =
|status = [[Túatha]] of [[Ailech]] (until 1185)
|status_text =
|p1 = Ailech
|flag_p1 =
|p2 =
|flag_p2 =
|s1 = Clandeboye
|flag_s1 = O'Neill of Clanaboy.png
|border_s1 = no
|s2 = Kingdom of Ireland
|flag_s2 = Arms of Ireland (historical).svg
|border_s2 = no
|image_flag =
|image_coat = O'Neill Tyrone.png
|symbol_type =
|image_map = Ulster Early 16th Century.png
|image_map_caption = Tyrone {{circa|15th–16th centuries|i=yes}}.
|national_motto =
|today = {{flag|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland}}
|capital =
|common_languages = [[Irish language|Irish]]
|government_type = [[Elective monarchy]]
|title_leader = King / Chief
|leader1 = [[Eógan mac Néill]] <small>(first)</small>
|year_leader1 = {{circa|465|i=yes}}
|leader2 = [[Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone|Aodh Mór Ó Néill]] <small>(last)</small>
|year_leader2 = 1593-1607
|stat_year1 =
|stat_area1 =
|stat_pop1 =
|currency =
|footnotes =
}}
'''Tír Eoghain''' ({{Irish place name|Land of [[Eógan mac Néill|Eoghan]]}}), also known as '''Tyrone''', was a kingdom and later earldom of [[Gaelic Ireland]], comprising parts of present-day [[County Tyrone]], [[County Armagh]] and [[County Londonderry]]. The kingdom represented the core homeland of the [[Cenél nEógain]] people of the [[Northern Uí Néill]] and although they ruled, there were smaller groups of other [[Gaels]] in the area. Also known as the guidance of Land. One part of the realm to the north-east broke away and expanded, becoming [[Clandeboye]], ruled by a scion branch of the [[O'Neill dynasty]].
==History==
From the 5th century founding of Cenél nEógain, the ''[[tuatha]]'' was a sub-unit of the larger kingdom of [[Kings of Ailech|Ailech]] (which they typically held the kingship to), along with their [[Cenél Conaill]] cousins, fellow descendants of [[Niall of the Nine Hostages]]. The initial ascent of Ailech had coincided with the decline of the [[Ulaid]], whose kingdom of [[Ulster]] receded to the north-east coast.
In the 12th century the kingdom of Ailech split into two sovereign territories and Cenél nEógain became Tír Eoghain, the land of Eoghan, Anglicised as Tyrone. It was ruled under the [[Meic Lochlainn]] clan and then under their kinsmen the Ó Néill clan. The other part of Ailech, Cenél Conaill became known as Tír Conaill, the land of Conall, Anglicised as [[Tyrconnell]].
Following the [[Earldom of Ulster#De Courcy.27s invasion of Ulaid|Norman invasion of Ulster]] in 1177, Tír Eoghain had become the predominant power in the north of Ireland, a position it regained upon the collapse of the Norman [[Earldom of Ulster]] in the 14th century. During the reign of [[House of Tudor|Tudor]] monarch [[Elizabeth I]] it would become an earldom within the [[kingdom of Ireland]], however the extent and power of Tyrone would be eventually curtailed and it was shired into the counties of Armagh and Tyrone, and subdivided into baronies.
During the reign of [[House of Stuart|Stuart]] monarch [[James I of England|James I]], Tyrone would be reduced further with the barony of Loughinsholin in its north-east being transferred to the new county of [[County Londonderry|Londonderry]]. The Ó Néill rebelled several times, attempts to reassert sovereignty. The last attempt of substance was under [[Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone|Aodh Mór Ó Néill, Earl of Tyrone]], who fled in 1607 in what became known as the [[Flight of the Earls]], where he and many of his allies (particularly among Ulster Gaeldom) fled Ireland.
==Kings of Tyrone==
{{Main|List of rulers of Tír Eoghain}}
==Bibliography==
*{{Cite book|first=Jonathan|last=Bardon|year=2005|title=A History of Ulster|publisher=The Blackstaff Press|isbn=0-85640-764-X|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofulster00jona}}
* {{cite book |title=Making Ireland British, 1580-1650|last=Canny|first=Nicholas|year=2001|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=9780199259052|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |title=Contested Island: Ireland 1460-1630|last=Connolly|first=S. J.|year=2009|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=0199563713|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|title=Erin's Blood Royal: The Gaelic Noble Dynasties of Ireland|last=Ellis|first=Peter Berresford|year=2002|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=0312230494|ref=harv|url=https://archive.org/details/erinsbloodroyal00elli}}
* {{cite book |title=[[The Great Book of Irish Genealogies]]|last=Ó Muraíle|first=Nollaig|year=2004|publisher=De Burca Books|isbn=0946130361|ref=harv}}
*''The Ancient and Royal Family of O'Neill'', by Desmond O'Neill
*''The Great O'Neill'', by E. Boyd Barret, Hale Cushman, Flint, Boston, 1939.
*''Shane O'Neill'', by Ciaran Brady, Dundalk 1996
==External links==
* [http://www.historyireland.com/early-modern-history-1500-1700/gaelic-lordship-and-tudor-conquest-tir-eoghain-1541-1603/ Gaelic lordship and Tudor conquest: Tír Eoghain, 1541–1603] at [[History Ireland]]
* [http://www.historyireland.com/volume-23/death-in-the-lakelands-tyrones-proxy-war-1593-4/ Death in the lakelands: Tyrone’s proxy war, 1593–4] at History Ireland
{{Ó Néill}}
{{Connachta}}
{{Kingdom of Ireland}}
[[Category:Gaelic-Irish nations and dynasties]]
[[Category:O'Neill dynasty]]
[[Category:Kingdoms of medieval Ireland]]
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