Goídel Glas

De réir miotaseolaíocht Ghaelach agus Albach na meánaoise, ba chruthaitheoir na dteangacha gaelacha, agus sinsear eapainmneach na nGael é Gael Glas (Sean-Ghaeilge Goídel Glas^[1]). Téann an seanós siar go dtí an 11ú haois agus Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann (LGÉ). Tá leagan Albanach ann le John of Fordun (bás. 1384).

Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann

Is cur síos miotasach é an scéal san LGÉ ar bhunús na nGael, agus iad sliocht de thaoiseach Scitiach Fénius Farsaid, ar cheann den bheirt thaoiseach is seachtó a thóg an Túr Bháibil. Ba mhac Niul mac Fénius agus Scota (iníon Faró na hÉigipte) é Goídel Glas.^[2] Creidtear gur chum sé na Teangacha Ceilteacha) ón dá teanga is seachtó a tháinig ann tar éis an mearbhall teangacha.^[3] D'fhulaing a mhuintir, na Gaeil, sraith cora casta ar nós is soiléir Tuatha Dé (Iosraeilítigh) an tSean-Tiomna. Bhí siad faoi rath san Éigipt i rith ré Mhaois ach d'imigh leo le linn an Eacsadas. Chuaigh siad ar fánaíocht ar fud an domhain ar feadh 440 bliain sular lonnaigh siad san Íbéir. Bhunaigh Breogán de mhuintir Goídil cathair ann darbh ainm Brigantia, agus thóg sé túr óna bhfuair a mhac Íth óna bharr spléachadh ar Éirinn. D'fhéadfadh gurb ionann Brigantia agus Bragança sa Phortaingéil, nó b'fhéidir A Coruña i nGalicia (darbh ainm Brigantium ag an am sin),^[4] agus gurb ionann Túr Bhreogháin agus Túr Earcail, a thóg na Rómhánaigh ag A Coruña.^[5]

Tá staróg ann san LGE a insíonn conas a leigheasadh Goídel Glas mac Niul ar greim nathrach nimhe, nuair a ghuigh Maois go díograiseach agus leag a mhaide ar chneá an stócaigh .^[6] Faightear i sroichte idirshuite níos luaite faoi Ghoídel: "glas a lámha agus a chulaith".^[7] Chuireann leagan Mhichíl Uí Chléirigh den LGÉ leis an scéal gur fhág greim na nathrach fáinne ghlas ar an ngarsún, agus dá bharr a leasainm Goídel Glas (an dath).^[8] Deir Céitinn é seo chomh maith, ag lua a rann sanasach, cé go dtugann sé réamhrá maidir le díorthú eile den leasainm, sa bhrí "faoi ghlas".^[9]^[10]

John of Fordun

Scota (ar chlé) le Goídel Glas (ar dheis) faoi sheol ón Éigipt, léirithe i lámhscríbhinn ón 15ú haois den Scotichronicon le Walter Bower. Sa leagan seo, is bean agus fear céile iad Scota agus Goídel Glas (aistrithe go Laidin mar 'Gaythelos').

Tá leagan Albanach ann den eachtra Ghoídil Ghlais agus Scota, caomhnaithe ag John of Fordun. Is amhlaidh nach bhfuil an leagan seo bunaithe ar an gcuntas san LGÉ. Déanann Fordun teacht ar go leor foinsí, ag iarraidh iad go léir a thiomsú i n-aon stair amháin.

Sa leagan seo, is mac é Gaythelos, mar a ghlaoitear ar Ghoídel Glas, de "rí éigin de thíortha na Gréige, 'sé sin, darb ainm Neolus, nó Heolaus", a díbríodh go dtí An Éigipt. Chuaigh sé mar ghiolla i gcúirt an Fharó, agus phós iníon an Fharó, Scota. Insítear conas a díbríodh Gaythelos ón Éigipt — de bharr éirí amach i ndiaidh bás an Fharó agus a airm sa Mhuir Rua; ar tóir Mhaois; ar eagla Plánna na hÉigipte; nó, tar éis ionraithe Aetópaigh — ach i ndeireadh na dála, cuireadh Gaythelos agus Scota ar deoraíocht i dteannta le huaisle Tréigeadh agus Éigipteach, agus lonnaigh siad san Ibéir tar éis tréimhse fada ag fámaireacht, sa cheantar iarthuaisceart darbh ainm Brigancia (cathair A Coruña, aitheanta ag na Rómhánaigh mar Brigantium).

Dúradh gur bhunaitheoir na cathrach Porto é Gaythelos. De réir roinnt sean scríbhneoirí, tháinig sé i dtír sa chuan "Portus Gaythelos" mar a thug sé air, agus a thug a ainm don tír iomlán, Portaingéil.^[11]

Foinsí

Broun, Dauvit, The Irish Identity of the Kingdom of the Scots in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Boydell, Woodbridge, 1999. ISBN 0-85115-375-5
Ferguson, William, The Identity of the Scottish Nation: An historic quest. Edinburgh U.P., Dún Éideann, 1998. ISBN 0-7486-1071-5
Seathrún Céitinn, Foras Feasa ar Éirinn, §16
Comyn, David (1902). "The history of Ireland" (google) 2. D. Nutt. [series: ITS Iml. 4, 8, 9, 15] (eag. & aistr.)
John of Fordun, Chronicle of the Scottish Nation, eag. William Forbes Skene, aistr. Felix J.H. Skene, 2 iml. Athchló, Llanerch Press, Lampeter, 1993. ISBN 1-897853-05-X
MacKillop, James, The Oxford Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. Oxford U.P., Oxford, 1998. ISBN 0-19-860967-1
Macalister, Robert Alexander Stewart, 1870–1950 (1939). "Lebor Gabála Érenn: The book of the taking of Ireland" (snippet) 2. Irish Texts Society by the Educational Co. of Ireland.
O'Cléirigh, Micheál (1916). "Leabhar Gabhála: The Book of Conquests of Ireland: The Recension of Micheál O'Cléirigh". Hodges, Figgis and Company.

Tagairtí

↑ Goídel (b) ar EDIL.
↑ Macalister 1939 §140
↑ Macalister 1939, Iml. 2, lch. 13 (§107) "It is Gaedel Glas who fashioned the Gaelic language out of the seventy-two..."; Macalister (lch. 5) adds "Kg [Keating] ascribes it to a different Gaedel, s. [son of] Ethor, unknown to LG"
↑ Encyclopædia Britannica, "A Coruña".
↑ Harry Mountain, The Celtic Encyclopaedia, lch. 380
↑ Macalister 1939, Imleabhar II, ll. 59–61 (§143–145)
↑ Macalister 1939, lch. 93, Dán Uimh. XIII
↑ O'Cléirigh & Macalister 1916, LG, Iml. 1, lch. 197 (§128) "Aaron went to Moses after that, and tells him the hearty welcome that Nel, son of Fenius, gave them, ... [Nel had a son, and] a venomous serpent wound itself around him so that death was near him... Moses made vehement and diligent prayer to God, when the boy reached him, and he struck the famous rod on the serpent till he cleft it in two. The boy was sound at once. There was a green ring on him in the place where the serpent had coiled about him, from that out to his death, so that thus Glas stuck to him as an extra name."
↑ Comyn & Dinneen 1902, vol. 2, lch. 19 (Céitinn, §16): "Some seanchas state that Moses fastened [his bracelet] with a lock..." srl.; the passage also seems to suggest the nickname has to do with the word fleascach, glossed here as 'bracelet-bearer' denoting an authority figure, even though 'fleasc' normally means a staff or rod.
↑ Eagrán 5-Imleabhar den LGE le Macalister, 1938–, féach: Iml. 1, lch. xxvii; Iml. 2, ll. 4–5 (léargas), lch. 35 (§119), ll. 59, 61 (§143–145), lch. 123 (ranm XVIII to §144), lch. 134 (nótaí do §119), lch. 157; Iml. 3, lch. 198
↑ Joseph Fr. Michaud, Louis Gabriel Michaud Biographie universelle, ancienne et moderne, ou, Histoire par ordre alphabétique de la vie publique et privée de tous les hommes qui se sont fait remarquer par leurs écrits, leurs actions, leurs talents, leurs vertus ou leurs crimes: ouvrage entièrement neuf, Imleabhar 54 (fr) Michaud, 1832 lch. 312

[1] Goídel (b) ar EDIL.

[2] Macalister 1939 §140

[3] Macalister 1939, Iml. 2, lch. 13 (§107) "It is Gaedel Glas who fashioned the Gaelic language out of the seventy-two..."; Macalister (lch. 5) adds "Kg [Keating] ascribes it to a different Gaedel, s. [son of] Ethor, unknown to LG"

[4] Encyclopædia Britannica, "A Coruña".

[5] Harry Mountain, The Celtic Encyclopaedia, lch. 380

[6] Macalister 1939, Imleabhar II, ll. 59–61 (§143–145)

[7] Macalister 1939, lch. 93, Dán Uimh. XIII

[8] O'Cléirigh & Macalister 1916, LG, Iml. 1, lch. 197 (§128) "Aaron went to Moses after that, and tells him the hearty welcome that Nel, son of Fenius, gave them, ... [Nel had a son, and] a venomous serpent wound itself around him so that death was near him... Moses made vehement and diligent prayer to God, when the boy reached him, and he struck the famous rod on the serpent till he cleft it in two. The boy was sound at once. There was a green ring on him in the place where the serpent had coiled about him, from that out to his death, so that thus Glas stuck to him as an extra name."

[9] Comyn & Dinneen 1902, vol. 2, lch. 19 (Céitinn, §16): "Some seanchas state that Moses fastened [his bracelet] with a lock..." srl.; the passage also seems to suggest the nickname has to do with the word fleascach, glossed here as 'bracelet-bearer' denoting an authority figure, even though 'fleasc' normally means a staff or rod.

[10] Eagrán 5-Imleabhar den LGE le Macalister, 1938–, féach: Iml. 1, lch. xxvii; Iml. 2, ll. 4–5 (léargas), lch. 35 (§119), ll. 59, 61 (§143–145), lch. 123 (ranm XVIII to §144), lch. 134 (nótaí do §119), lch. 157; Iml. 3, lch. 198

[11] Joseph Fr. Michaud, Louis Gabriel Michaud Biographie universelle, ancienne et moderne, ou, Histoire par ordre alphabétique de la vie publique et privée de tous les hommes qui se sont fait remarquer par leurs écrits, leurs actions, leurs talents, leurs vertus ou leurs crimes: ouvrage entièrement neuf, Imleabhar 54 (fr) Michaud, 1832 lch. 312

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]