Uimhir neamhdhleathach

Is éard is uimhir neamhdhleathach ann ná uimhir a léiríonn, ar dhóigh nó ar dhóigh eile, faisnéis atá neamhdhleathach i limistéar dlínse éigin. Is féidir aon fhaisnéis dhigiteach a ionchódú mar uimhir; dá bhrí sin, má tá sé mídhleathach faisnéis ar leith a tharchur, nó fiú a bheith i do sheilbh, d'fhéadfadh sé go bhfuil an uimhir féin mídhleathach freisin.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Cúlra

Mar shampla, deirtear go bhfuil an uimhir heicsidheachúlach 09 F9 11 02 9D 74 E3 5B D8 41 56 C5 63 56 88 C0 mídhleathach sna Stáit Aontaithe. Is eochair criptiúcháin AACS í, rud a chiallaíonn, de réir tuairisce, gur féidir í a úsáid chun DVDanna nó dioscaí Blu-ray a foilsíodh roimh 2007 a dhíchriptiú. Seoladh roinnt litreacha “stop agus scoir” in 2007 inar maíodh gur “gléas sáraithe cóipchirt” í an eochair seo, agus go bhfuil sé neamhdhleathach í a fhoilsiú mar gheall ar fhorálacha frithsháraithe an DCMA (Acht Cóipchirt na Mílaoise Digití) sna Stáit Aontaithe.^[4]

Is féidir dearcadh ar aon chomhad íomhá nó ríomhchlár inrite^[5] mar uimhir dhénártha an-mhór. I limistéir dlínse áirithe, tá sé in aghaidh an dlí íomhánna áirithe a bheith i do sheilbh, mar shampla íomhánna faoi rún nó íomhánna graosta.^[6] Mar sin, d'fhéadfadh na huimhreacha a bhaineann leis na híomhánna seo a bheith neamhdhleathach freisin.^[1]^[7]

In 2011, thug Sony cás dlí in aghaidh George Hotz agus bhaill fail0verflow as srianta teicniúla sa Playstation 3 a shárú.^[8] Ba chuid den ghearán ná gur fhoilsigh siad eochracha PS3, agus bhagair Sony an dlí ar aon duine eile a d'fhoilseodh na heochracha.^[9]

Tagairtí

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Carmody, Phil. “An Executable Prime Number?”. Dáta rochtana: 30 Nollaig 2018. “Maybe I was reading something between the lines that wasn't there, but if arbitrary programs could be expressed as primes, the immediate conclusion is that all programs, including ones some people wished didn't exist, can too. I.e. the so called 'circumvention devices' of which my previous prime exploit was an example.”
↑ "DVD descrambler encoded in ‘illegal’ prime number: When mathematicians go bad". The Register. “The question, of course, is whether an interesting number is illegal merely because it can be used to encode a contraband program.”
↑ “The Prime Glossary: illegal prime”. Dáta rochtana: 30 Nollaig 2018. “The bottom line: If distributing code is illegal, and these numbers contain (or are) the code, doesn't that make these number illegal?”
↑ “AACS licensor complains of posted key”. Lumen (17 Aibreán 2007). Dáta rochtana: 30 Nollaig 2018. “Illegal Offering of Processing Key to Circumvent AACS Copyright Protection [...] are thereby providing and offering to the public a technology, product, service, device, component, or part thereof that is primarily designed, produced, or marketed for the purpose of circumventing the technological protection measures afforded by AACS (hereafter, the "circumvention offering"). Doing so constitutes a violation of the anti-circumvention provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (the "DMCA")”
↑ “Prime Curios: 48565...29443 (1401-digits)”. Dáta rochtana: 30 Nollaig 2018. “What folks often forget is a program (any file actually) is a string of bits (binary digits)—so every program is a number.”
↑ “Criminal Justice Act 1988”. Dáta rochtana: 30 Nollaig 2018.
↑ Wells, David (2011). "Prime Numbers: The Most Mysterious Figures in Math": 126–127. Wiley. ISBN 9781118045718.
↑ Patel, Nilay (21 January 2011). “Sony follows up, officially sues Geohot and fail0verflow over PS3 jailbreak”. Engadget. Dáta rochtana: 30 Nollaig 2018.
↑ Kravets, David (8 Feabhra 2011). “Sony lawyers now targeting anyone who posts PlayStation 3 hack”. Ars Technica. Dáta rochtana: 30 Nollaig 2018.

[carmody2-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Carmody, Phil. “An Executable Prime Number?”. Dáta rochtana: 30 Nollaig 2018. “Maybe I was reading something between the lines that wasn't there, but if arbitrary programs could be expressed as primes, the immediate conclusion is that all programs, including ones some people wished didn't exist, can too. I.e. the so called 'circumvention devices' of which my previous prime exploit was an example.”

[reg20010319-2] "DVD descrambler encoded in ‘illegal’ prime number: When mathematicians go bad". The Register. “The question, of course, is whether an interesting number is illegal merely because it can be used to encode a contraband program.”

[3] “The Prime Glossary: illegal prime”. Dáta rochtana: 30 Nollaig 2018. “The bottom line: If distributing code is illegal, and these numbers contain (or are) the code, doesn't that make these number illegal?”

[4] “AACS licensor complains of posted key”. Lumen (17 Aibreán 2007). Dáta rochtana: 30 Nollaig 2018. “Illegal Offering of Processing Key to Circumvent AACS Copyright Protection [...] are thereby providing and offering to the public a technology, product, service, device, component, or part thereof that is primarily designed, produced, or marketed for the purpose of circumventing the technological protection measures afforded by AACS (hereafter, the "circumvention offering"). Doing so constitutes a violation of the anti-circumvention provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (the "DMCA")”

[5] “Prime Curios: 48565...29443 (1401-digits)”. Dáta rochtana: 30 Nollaig 2018. “What folks often forget is a program (any file actually) is a string of bits (binary digits)—so every program is a number.”

[6] “Criminal Justice Act 1988”. Dáta rochtana: 30 Nollaig 2018.

[7] Wells, David (2011). "Prime Numbers: The Most Mysterious Figures in Math": 126–127. Wiley. ISBN 9781118045718.

[8] Patel, Nilay (21 January 2011). “Sony follows up, officially sues Geohot and fail0verflow over PS3 jailbreak”. Engadget. Dáta rochtana: 30 Nollaig 2018.

[ars11-9] Kravets, David (8 Feabhra 2011). “Sony lawyers now targeting anyone who posts PlayStation 3 hack”. Ars Technica. Dáta rochtana: 30 Nollaig 2018.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]