An difríocht idir athruithe ar: "Tuath"
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Líne 4:
I nÉirinn na nGael, bunaonad polaitiúil agus dlínsiúil as ea an '''''Túath'''''.<ref>[http://www.dil.ie/42241 1 túath] ar eDIL</ref> D'fhéadfadh an ''túath'' a luadh idir an críocha agus an muintir ina chónaí ann.
==Sanasaíocht==
D'fhéadfaí é go bhfuil an focal fréamhaithe ón [[Teangacha Ceilteacha|bPrótai-Ceiltis]] *''toutā'' ("cine, tír dúchais"), a bhfuil b'fhéidir fréamhaithe ón [[Na teangacha Ind-Eorpacha|bPrótai-Ind-Eorpais]] *''tewtéh₂'' ("finíoch"). Faightear fréamh ghaolmhar i n-ainm dhia na nGallach, [[Toutatis]].
As [[Gaeilge|NuaGhaeilge]], léirítear an focal gan an síneadh fada, ''tuath'', faoin tuath, muintir na tuaithe, srl; tuigtear fós an chiall stairiúil, ámh.<ref>[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fb/tuath tuath] ar teanglann.ie FB</ref>
==Struchtur sóisialta==
Each ''túath'' was a self contained unit, with its own executive, assembly, courts system and defence force. ''Túatha'' were grouped together into [[confederations]] for mutual defence. There was a hierarchy of ''túatha'' statuses, depending on geographical position and connection to the ruling dynasties of the region.<ref name=NKPI>{{cite web|last=Ó Corráin|first=Donnchadh||title=Nationality and Kingship in Pre-Norman Ireland|url=https://celt.ucc.ie/nation_kingship.html|work=CELT|accessdate=September 28, 2018}}</ref> The organization of ''túatha'' is covered to a great extent within the [[Brehon law]]s, Irish laws written down in the 7th century, also known as the ''Fénechas''.<ref name=Patterson>{{cite book|last1=Patterson|first1=Nerys t.|editor1-last=|editor1-first=|title= Cattle Lords and Clansmen: The Social Structure of Early Ireland|date=1994|publisher=University of Notre Dame Pess|location=|isbn= 978-0268161460|page=|url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=JGIFDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT228&lpg=PT228&dq=gaelic+tuath+tricha+cet+organisation+medieval&source=bl&ots=334SDlStcJ&sig=n-paEMSfvKL08slwCaviZ2nvQ3E&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjphsyq78_dAhUiglwKHShTArc4ChDoATABegQICRAB#v=onepage&q=gaelic%20tuath%20tricha%20cet%20organisation%20medieval&f=false|accessdate=|chapter=}}</ref>▼
I nÉirinn ársa, bhíodh tuairim is 30 duine san áireamh i dteaghlach amháin. Achar le céad teaghlach ab ea ''[[tríocha céad]]'', 'sé sin tuairim is 3,000 duine. Roinnt tríocha céad chomh ghuaillithe ab ea ''túath'', and therefore referred to no fewer than 6,000 people. Probably a more accurate number for a ''túath'' would be no fewer than 9,000 people.<ref name=Dillon>{{
cite book |
first = Myles |
last = Dillon |
year = 1994 |
title = Early Irish Literature |
publisher = Four Courts Press | location = An Charraig Dhubh, Baile Átha Cliath, Éire |
isbn = 1-85182-177-5 |
nopp = true |
page = xiv
}}</ref>
▲''Each ''túath'' was a self contained unit, with its own executive, assembly, courts system and defence force. ''Túatha'' were grouped together into [[confederations]] for mutual defence. There was a hierarchy of ''túatha'' statuses, depending on geographical position and connection to the ruling dynasties of the region.<ref name=NKPI>{{cite web|last=Ó Corráin|first=Donnchadh||title=Nationality and Kingship in Pre-Norman Ireland|url=https://celt.ucc.ie/nation_kingship.html|work=CELT|accessdate=September 28, 2018}}</ref> The organization of ''túatha'' is covered to a great extent within the [[Brehon law]]s, Irish laws written down in the 7th century, also known as the ''Fénechas''.<ref name=Patterson>{{cite book|last1=Patterson|first1=Nerys t.|editor1-last=|editor1-first=|title= Cattle Lords and Clansmen: The Social Structure of Early Ireland|date=1994|publisher=University of Notre Dame Pess|location=|isbn= 978-0268161460|page=|url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=JGIFDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT228&lpg=PT228&dq=gaelic+tuath+tricha+cet+organisation+medieval&source=bl&ots=334SDlStcJ&sig=n-paEMSfvKL08slwCaviZ2nvQ3E&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjphsyq78_dAhUiglwKHShTArc4ChDoATABegQICRAB#v=onepage&q=gaelic%20tuath%20tricha%20cet%20organisation%20medieval&f=false|accessdate=|chapter=}}</ref>
The old Irish political system was altered during and after the [[Tudor conquest of Ireland|Elizabethan conquest]], being gradually replaced by a system of [[barony (Ireland)|baronies]] and [[counties]] under the new colonial system. Due to a loss of knowledge, there has been some confusion regarding old territorial units in Ireland, mainly between ''trícha céta'' and ''túatha'', which in some cases seem to be overlapping units, and in others, different measurements altogether.<ref>https://www.historyireland.com/medieval-history-pre-1500/medieval-irish-political-and-economic-divisions/</ref> The ''trícha céta'' were primarily for reckoning military units; specifically, the number of fighting forces a particular population could rally.<ref name=Dillon/> Some scholars equate the ''túath'' with the modern parish, whereas others equate it with the barony. This partly depends on how the territory was first incorporated into the county system. in cases where [[surrender and regrant]] was the method, the match between the old ''túath'' and the modern barony is reasonably equivalent. Whereas in cases like [[Ulster]], which involved large scale colonisation and confiscation of land, the shape of the original divisions is not always clear or recoverable.<ref>https://www.historyireland.com/medieval-history-pre-1500/medieval-irish-political-and-economic-divisions/</ref> ▼
▲''The old Irish political system was altered during and after the [[Tudor conquest of Ireland|Elizabethan conquest]], being gradually replaced by a system of [[barony (Ireland)|baronies]] and [[counties]] under the new colonial system. Due to a loss of knowledge, there has been some confusion regarding old territorial units in Ireland, mainly between ''trícha céta'' and ''túatha'', which in some cases seem to be overlapping units, and in others, different measurements altogether.<ref>https://www.historyireland.com/medieval-history-pre-1500/medieval-irish-political-and-economic-divisions/</ref> The ''trícha céta'' were primarily for reckoning military units; specifically, the number of fighting forces a particular population could rally.<ref name=Dillon/> Some scholars equate the ''túath'' with the modern parish, whereas others equate it with the barony. This partly depends on how the territory was first incorporated into the county system. in cases where [[surrender and regrant]] was the method, the match between the old ''túath'' and the modern barony is reasonably equivalent. Whereas in cases like [[Ulster]], which involved large scale colonisation and confiscation of land, the shape of the original divisions is not always clear or recoverable.<ref>https://www.historyireland.com/medieval-history-pre-1500/medieval-irish-political-and-economic-divisions/</ref>
==Samplaí stairiúla==
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