Aiméibe

Aiméibe
Amoeba
	;
Taifead
	;
Tacsanomaíocht
For-ríocht	Eukaryota
Fíleam	Amoebozoa
Aicme	Tubulinea
Ord	Amoebida
Fine	Amoebidae
Géineas	Amoeba ; Bory, 1822

Orgánaigh aoncheallacha ina dtarlaíonn próisis iomlána na beatha laistigh de chill amháin. Tá 6,000 speiceas ar domhan ó 2000 milliún bl. ó shin. Cónaíonn siad san ithir, i locháin, san fharraige. Is cineál cille nó orgánach í ina bhfuil an cumas aici a cruth a athrú, go príomha trí shíneadh agus tharraing a bréagphóidiamaí/bréagchosa.^[1] Ní chruthaíonn aiméibí grúpa tacsanomaíoch amháin; ina ionad sin, tá siad ar fáil i ngach mórghinealach d'orgánaigh eocarótacha. Tarlaíonn cealla aiméabóideacha, ní hamháin i measc na protozoa, ach freisin i bhfungais, in algaí, agus in ainmhithe.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

Cruth, gluaiseacht agus cothú

Foirmeacha an bhréagphóidiam, ó chlé: polaphóideach agus lóbach; monaphóideach agus lóbach; fílosach; cónúil; mioneangach; achtanaphóidí barrchaolaithe; achtanaphóidí neamh-bharrchaolaithe.

Úsáideann siad bréagphóidiamaí/bréagchosa don ghluaiseacht agus don chothú, a bhfuil ina boilg de cíteaplasma déanta trí ghníomh comhordaithe de mhicreasnáithíní aictine ag brú amach an scannánphlasmach a timpeallaíonn na cille.^[7] De ghnáth, bogann an aiméibe trí bhréagphóidiam a leathnú amach, agus é a cheangal leis an tsubstráit agus é a líonadh le cíteasol, ansin ag scaoileadh a sciar chúil ón tsubstráit, arb é an toradh go ghluaiseann an t-orgánach ar aghaidh.^[8]

Aicmiú

Cuireann an t-aicmiú is déanaí géinis na na n-aiméibí éagsúla ins na grúpaí seo a leanas:

Foghrúpaí	Mórghrúpaí agus géinis	Moirfeolaíocht
Amoebozoa	Lobosa: Acanthamoeba, Amoeba, Balamuthia, Chaos, Clydonella, Discamoeba, Echinamoeba, Filamoeba, Flabellula, Gephyramoeba, Glaeseria, Hartmannella, Hydramoeba, Korotnevella (Dactylamoeba), Leptomyxa, Lingulamoeba, Mastigina, Mayorella, Metachaos, Neoparamoeba, Paramoeba, Polychaos, Phreatamoeba, Platyamoeba, Protoacanthamoeba, Rhizamoeba, Saccamoeba, Sappinia, Stereomyxa, Thecamoeba, Trichamoeba, Trichosphaerium, Unda, Vannella, Vexillifera Conosa: Endamoeba, Entamoeba, Hyperamoeba, Mastigamoeba, Mastigella, Pelomyxa, Dictyostelium, Physarum	Lobose pseudopods (Lobosa): Lobose pseudopods are blunt, and there may be one or several on a cell, which is usually divided into a layer of clear ectoplasm surrounding more granular endoplasm.
Rhizaria	Cercozoa: Filosa: Monadofilosa: Gyromitus, Paulinella Granofilosea Chlorarachniophyceae Endomyxa: Proteomyxidea: Vampyrella Gromiidea Foraminifera Radiolaria	Filose pseudopods (Filosa): Filose pseudopods are narrow and tapering. The vast majority of filose amoebae, including all those that produce shells, are placed within the Cercozoa together with various flagellates that tend to have amoeboid forms. The naked filose amoebae also includes vampyrellids. Reticulose pseudopods (Endomyxa): Reticulose pseudopods are cytoplasmic strands that branch and merge to form a net. They are found most notably among the Foraminifera, a large group of marine protists that generally produce multi-chambered shells. There are only a few sorts of naked reticulose amoebas, notably the gymnophryids, and their relationships are not certain. Radiolarians are a subgroup of actinopods that are now grouped with rhizarians.
Excavata	Heterolobosea: Vahlkampfiidae: Monopylocystis, Naegleria, Neovahlkampfia, Paratetramitus, Paravahlkampfia, Psalteriomonas, Sawyeria, Tetramitus, Vahlkampfia, Willaertia Gruberellidae: Gruberella, Stachyamoeba Parabasalidea: Dientamoeba, Histomonas Other: Rosculus, Acrasis, Heteramoeba, Learamoeba, Stygamoeba, Plaesiobystra,^[9] Tulamoeba^[9]	The Heterolobosea, includes protists that can transform between amoeboid and flagellate forms.
Heterokonta	Chrysophyceae: Chrysamoeba, Rhizochrysis Xanthophyceae: Rhizochloris Labyrinthulomycetes	The heterokont chrysophyte and xanthophyte algae includes some amoeboid members, the later being poorly studied.^[10]
Alveolata	Dinoflagellata: Dinamoeba, Pfiesteria	Parasite with amoeboid life cycle stages.
Nucleariid	Micronuclearia, Nuclearia	Nucleariids appear to be close relatives of animals and fungi.
Ungrouped/ unknown	Adelphamoeba, Astramoeba, Cashia, Dinamoeba, Flagellipodium, Flamella, Gibbodiscus, Gocevia, Hollandella, Iodamoeba, Malamoeba, Nollandia, Oscillosignum, Paragocevia, Parvamoeba, Pernina, Pontifex, Protonaegleria, Pseudomastigamoeba, Rugipes, Striamoeba, Striolatus, Subulamoeba, Theratromyxa, Trienamoeba, Trimastigamoeba, Vampyrellium, and about 50 other genera^[11]

Tagairtí

↑ Singleton, Paul (2006). "Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 3rd Edition, revised": 32. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
↑ "Cóip cartlainne". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2010-06-15. Dáta rochtana: 2018-01-11.
↑ Tá ort na shonrú' 'teideal = agus' 'url = nuair a úsáideann {{ lua idirlín}}."". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 10 June 2009.
↑ Tá ort na shonrú' 'teideal = agus' 'url = nuair a úsáideann {{ lua idirlín}}."".
↑ Flor-Parra, Ignacio (2013-12-17). "Cell migration and division in amoeboid-like fission yeast". Biology Open 3 (1): 108–115. doi:10.1242/bio.20136783. ISSN 2046-6390. PMID 24357230.
↑ Friedl, P. (2001-10-01). "Amoeboid leukocyte crawling through extracellular matrix: lessons from the Dictyostelium paradigm of cell movement". Journal of Leukocyte Biology 70 (4): 491–509. ISSN 0741-5400. PMID 11590185.
↑ Alberts Eds. (2007). "Molecular Biology of the Cell 5th Edition": 1037. New York: Garland Science.
↑ Tá ort na shonrú' 'teideal = agus' 'url = nuair a úsáideann {{ lua idirlín}}."".
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 "Ultrastructure and Molecular Phylogeny of two Heterolobosean Amoebae, Euplaesiobystra hypersalinica gen. Et sp. Nov. And Tulamoeba peronaphora gen. Et sp. Nov., Isolated from an Extremely Hypersaline Habitat" (2009). Protist 160 (2): 265–283. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2008.10.002. PMID 19121603.
↑ Ott, Donald W., Carla K. Oldham-Ott, Nataliya Rybalka, and Thomas Friedl. 2015. Xanthophyte, Eustigmatophyte, and Raphidophyte Algae. In: Wehr, J.D., Sheath, R.G., Kociolek, J.P. (Eds.) Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification, 2nd edition. Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp. 483–534, [1].
↑ Patterson, D.J., Simpson, A.G.B. & Rogerson, A., 2000. Amoebae of uncertain affinities. In: Lee, J.J., Leedale, G.F. & Bradbury, P. An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists/Allen Press: Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A, 2nd ed., vol. 2, p. 804-827, [2].

Naisc sheachtracha

[1] Singleton, Paul (2006). "Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 3rd Edition, revised": 32. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.

[:1-2] "Cóip cartlainne". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2010-06-15. Dáta rochtana: 2018-01-11.

[3] Tá ort na shonrú' 'teideal = agus' 'url = nuair a úsáideann {{ lua idirlín}}."". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 10 June 2009.

[4] Tá ort na shonrú' 'teideal = agus' 'url = nuair a úsáideann {{ lua idirlín}}."".

[5] Flor-Parra, Ignacio (2013-12-17). "Cell migration and division in amoeboid-like fission yeast". Biology Open 3 (1): 108–115. doi:10.1242/bio.20136783. ISSN 2046-6390. PMID 24357230.

[6] Friedl, P. (2001-10-01). "Amoeboid leukocyte crawling through extracellular matrix: lessons from the Dictyostelium paradigm of cell movement". Journal of Leukocyte Biology 70 (4): 491–509. ISSN 0741-5400. PMID 11590185.

[7] Alberts Eds. (2007). "Molecular Biology of the Cell 5th Edition": 1037. New York: Garland Science.

[8] Tá ort na shonrú' 'teideal = agus' 'url = nuair a úsáideann {{ lua idirlín}}."".

[Park2009-9] 9.0 ^9.1 "Ultrastructure and Molecular Phylogeny of two Heterolobosean Amoebae, Euplaesiobystra hypersalinica gen. Et sp. Nov. And Tulamoeba peronaphora gen. Et sp. Nov., Isolated from an Extremely Hypersaline Habitat" (2009). Protist 160 (2): 265–283. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2008.10.002. PMID 19121603.

[10] Ott, Donald W., Carla K. Oldham-Ott, Nataliya Rybalka, and Thomas Friedl. 2015. Xanthophyte, Eustigmatophyte, and Raphidophyte Algae. In: Wehr, J.D., Sheath, R.G., Kociolek, J.P. (Eds.) Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification, 2nd edition. Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp. 483–534, [1].

[11] Patterson, D.J., Simpson, A.G.B. & Rogerson, A., 2000. Amoebae of uncertain affinities. In: Lee, J.J., Leedale, G.F. & Bradbury, P. An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists/Allen Press: Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A, 2nd ed., vol. 2, p. 804-827, [2].

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