Dearbhú Balfour, 1917

Dearbhú Balfour, 1917
Cineál	public statement (en) ; doiciméad
Ainmnithe in ómós	Arthur Balfour agus Arthur Balfour
Dáta na bliana	2 Samhain 1917
Údar	Arthur Balfour, Walter Rothschild, Leo Amery agus Alfred Milner
Príomhábhar	homeland for the Jewish people (en)
	Walter Rothschild
	David Lloyd George
Sínitheoir	Arthur Balfour
Is cúis le	Israeli–Palestinian conflict (en)

Ar 2 Samhain 1917 d'fhógair Arthur Balfour, iar-Phríomhaire na Ríochta Aontaithe, go mbunófaí stát Giúdach sa Phalaistín, agus impleachtaí tromchúiseacha ag baint leis.. Tá Dearbhú Balfour (Béarla: Balfour Declaration) i gcroí na coimhlinte sa Mheánoirthear sa lá atá inniu ann.^[1]

Cúlra

Le linn 1917, chuir Impireacht na Breataine an Impireacht Otamánach faoi chois sa Phalaistín.^[2]

Ach roinn an Entente Triarach na críocha sa bhliain 1916, nuair a síníodh an Comhaontú Sykes–Picot.^[3]^[4]

De réir Conradh na Náisiún, 'cosantóireacht' ab ea an Phalaistín, faoi smacht na Breataine ó na 1920idí go dtí na 1940idí. Tugadh 'Sainordú na Breataine sa Phalaistín'^[5] ar an tír san am sin (ó 1923 ar aghaidh).

An gealltán

Ar 2 Samhain 1917, gheall an Rialtas Briotanach go foirmiúil “tír dhúchais” do na Giúdaigh. Scríobh Balfour litir chuig Lord Walter Rothschild^[6] ag deimhniú, "His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object..."^[7] Ní raibh stát polaitiúil i gceist ag an am, ach “tír dhúchais”, frása a bhí roghnaithe go cúramach.

B'fhéidir nach raibh ach iarracht ann i bhforógra Balfour Giúdaigh an domhain a mhealladh chuig cúis na Comhghuaillíochta sa Chéad Chogadh Domhanda.^[8] Ach tá go leor conspóide faoin teoiric seo.

Iarmhairtí

Cuireadh fáilte agus fiche roimh an Dearbhú, fiú sa Mheánoirthear; mar shampla, ar 3 Eanáir 1919, síníodh an Comhaontú Faisal–Weizmann,^[9]^[10] ag cur dallamullóg ar mhuintir na Palaistíne arís.

Ach i ndáiríre, ní raibh á ofráil do na hArabaigh ach an moladh nach n-imreofaí leatrom orthu. Mhaígh Ronald Storrs, an chéad ghobharnóir míleata Iarúsailéim go bhféadfadh stát mar sin ‘form for England “a little loyal Jewish Ulster” in a sea of hostile Arabism.’^[11]

Sa bhliain 2017, dúirt Príomh-Aire na Breataine, Theresa May go mbeadh sí ag comóradh an fhorógra “le bród”.^[8]^[12]

Féach freisin

Dearbhú Balfour, 1926^[13]^[14]
Comhaontú Faisal–Weizmann, 1919
Sainordú na Breataine sa Phalaistín, 1923-1948

Tagairtí

↑ Fearghal Mac Bhloscaidh, Athbhreithniú ar an athbhreithniúchas. Eanáir 2014, An tUltach 91 (1), lch 16-17
↑ "Palestine (region)" (as en) (2023-11-04). Wikipedia.
↑ "Sykes–Picot Agreement" (as en) (2023-11-07). Wikipedia.
↑ "1916". mideastcartoonhistory.com. Dáta rochtana: 2024-05-13.
↑ "téarma.ie". téarma.ie. Dáta rochtana: 2022-01-10.
↑ "Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild" (as en) (2023-09-24). Wikipedia.
↑ "Balfour Declaration" (en). HISTORY (2018-08-21). Dáta rochtana: 2023-11-07.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Robert McmIllen (2017-08-09). "Céad bliain ó foilsíodh Forógra Balfour, ní bheidh George Galloway ag ceiliúradh" (en). The Irish News. Dáta rochtana: 2023-11-03.
↑ "Faisal–Weizmann agreement" (as en) (2023-10-19). Wikipedia.
↑ Faisal–Weizmann Agreement, 1919 agus Arab–Jewish cooperation “We feel that the Arabs and Jews are cousins in race, suffering similar oppression at the hands of powers stronger than themselves, and by a happy coincidence have been able to take the first step toward the attainment of their national ideals together. We Arabs, especially the educated among us, look with deepest sympathy on the Zionist movement ... We will do our best, in so far as we are concerned, to help them through; we will wish the Jews a most hearty welcome home”
↑ Sir Ronald Storrs (1937). "The Memoirs of Sir Ronald Storrs" (as en). G.P. Putnam's sons.
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 Marissa Newman, Raphael Ahren. "British PM emphatically rejects call to apologize for Balfour Declaration" (en-US). www.timesofisrael.com. Dáta rochtana: 2023-11-07.
↑ "Doiciméid maidir le Beartas Eachtrach na hÉireann - Department of Foreign Affairs". www.dfa.ie. Dáta rochtana: 2023-11-03.
↑ "Balfour Declaration of 1926" (as en) (2023-09-25). Wikipedia.

[1] Fearghal Mac Bhloscaidh, Athbhreithniú ar an athbhreithniúchas. Eanáir 2014, An tUltach 91 (1), lch 16-17

[2] "Palestine (region)" (as en) (2023-11-04). Wikipedia.

[3] "Sykes–Picot Agreement" (as en) (2023-11-07). Wikipedia.

[4] "1916". mideastcartoonhistory.com. Dáta rochtana: 2024-05-13.

[5] "téarma.ie". téarma.ie. Dáta rochtana: 2022-01-10.

[6] "Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild" (as en) (2023-09-24). Wikipedia.

[7] "Balfour Declaration" (en). HISTORY (2018-08-21). Dáta rochtana: 2023-11-07.

[:0-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Robert McmIllen (2017-08-09). "Céad bliain ó foilsíodh Forógra Balfour, ní bheidh George Galloway ag ceiliúradh" (en). The Irish News. Dáta rochtana: 2023-11-03.

[9] "Faisal–Weizmann agreement" (as en) (2023-10-19). Wikipedia.

[10] Faisal–Weizmann Agreement, 1919 agus Arab–Jewish cooperation “We feel that the Arabs and Jews are cousins in race, suffering similar oppression at the hands of powers stronger than themselves, and by a happy coincidence have been able to take the first step toward the attainment of their national ideals together. We Arabs, especially the educated among us, look with deepest sympathy on the Zionist movement ... We will do our best, in so far as we are concerned, to help them through; we will wish the Jews a most hearty welcome home”

[11] Sir Ronald Storrs (1937). "The Memoirs of Sir Ronald Storrs" (as en). G.P. Putnam's sons.

[:1-12] 12.0 ^12.1 Marissa Newman, Raphael Ahren. "British PM emphatically rejects call to apologize for Balfour Declaration" (en-US). www.timesofisrael.com. Dáta rochtana: 2023-11-07.

[13] "Doiciméid maidir le Beartas Eachtrach na hÉireann - Department of Foreign Affairs". www.dfa.ie. Dáta rochtana: 2023-11-03.

[14] "Balfour Declaration of 1926" (as en) (2023-09-25). Wikipedia.

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